技術(shù)優(yōu)勢
采用原位測量技術(shù),無濾膜采樣,避免了人為和介質(zhì)對結(jié)果的影響;
實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)顯示、自動(dòng)運(yùn)行;
同時(shí)在三個(gè)波段測量光的吸收和散射特性;
測量黑碳的理想工具(黑碳對781nm激光吸收性強(qiáng));
使用反式濁度技術(shù),靈敏度極高,快速測量,時(shí)間分辨率達(dá)到1秒;
寬動(dòng)力學(xué)測量范圍,可用于大氣監(jiān)測和排放源監(jiān)測;
應(yīng)用范圍
空氣質(zhì)量和能見度監(jiān)測,大氣和氣候研究,健康研究,燃燒源排放及生物質(zhì)燃燒等研究,也可用于清潔地區(qū)以及污染源采樣。
工作原理
Sample air is drawn through a resonator at an approximate rate of 1 lpm. The laser beam is square-wave modulated at the frequency that matches the resonance acoustic frequency of the resonator. Aerosols in the air stream absorb light, causing periodic heating of the gas in the resonator. The heated gas expands, creating a sound-source pressure wave. Since the heating is periodic, with frequency fres, the resultant sound wave will have frequency fres. A microphone attached to one end of the resonator measures this sound wave. The other end of the resonator contains a piezo electrical element used for finding the resonance acoustic frequency fres of the resonator. The laser power is measured with the integrating sphere/photodetector. This information is then used to determine the absorption and scattering coefficients.
應(yīng)用案例
圖 1. Bsca 和Babs 的時(shí)間變化序列
Zi-Juan Lan和Xiao-Feng Huang 等于2011年夏季觀測項(xiàng)目中應(yīng)用了PASS-3進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。從結(jié)果(圖1)中可以看出,三個(gè)波段的散射系數(shù)和吸收系數(shù)均有明顯的晝夜變化,且變化較為一致。采樣期間,三個(gè)波段單次散射反照率分別為0.86±0.07(405nm), 0.87±0.06(532nm),0.82±0.09(781nm),表明深圳氣溶膠的吸收作用占消光作用的10%強(qiáng),黑碳在影響夏季能見度方面起重要作用。文章還就Angstrom吸收指數(shù)(AAE)展開討論,并結(jié)合SP2和O3的結(jié)果分析了MAE及氣溶膠混合狀態(tài)的變化規(guī)律(圖2)。
圖 2. 觀測期間BC,O3, MAE 和內(nèi)混態(tài)BC 占比的晝夜變化
技術(shù)指標(biāo)(型號870nm)
同時(shí)測量氣溶膠的光吸收系數(shù)和光散射系數(shù)
附加參數(shù):溫度、濕度、氣壓、露點(diǎn)溫度
樣本流量:1 lpm,流量控制:臨界氣孔,隔膜泵
激光調(diào)制頻率:1500 Hz (方波)
散射積分角度:6o–174o
標(biāo)定粒子:吸收系數(shù),使用強(qiáng)吸收性粒子,如氣燈燃燒后的黑煙或者黑色玻璃碳;散射系數(shù),使用強(qiáng)散射性的粒子,如硫酸銨、PSL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粒子(Dp:200-260nm)
標(biāo)定周期:一般為6個(gè)月,或大型觀測前后
一般維護(hù)內(nèi)容:流量檢查、內(nèi)腔玻璃窗口清洗(或更換)、更換耗材部件
電源: 105 - 125 V, 60 Hz 或 105 - 125 V, 60 Hz (交流電),
功率:100W,外置泵為250W。
工作環(huán)境:溫度,0 – 40 C; 相對濕度,0–70 %(無凝結(jié))
尺寸:48.3W x 61L x 30.5H cm (可以安放在19 英寸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀器架內(nèi))
重量:33 kg(不含外置泵)
操作軟件
PASS-3 的隨機(jī)軟件基于LabVIEW編寫,主要用于:
實(shí)時(shí)查看數(shù)據(jù),包括吸收系數(shù)和散射系數(shù);
零氣切換;
標(biāo)定操作控制;
查看儀器運(yùn)行狀態(tài)參數(shù);
設(shè)置查看與更改;
查看空氣條件如氣溫、氣壓、相對濕度;
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置
三波長黑碳光聲光譜儀
軟件
內(nèi)置計(jì)算機(jī)
操作說明書
運(yùn)輸箱
一年質(zhì)保
一天工廠培訓(xùn)
郵件或電話技術(shù)支持
DMT_PASS-3三波長光聲光譜儀下載
參考文獻(xiàn)
Zi-Juan Lan, Xiao-Feng Huang, Kuang-You Yu, Tian-Le Sun, Li-Wu Zeng, Min Hu, Light absorption of black carbon aerosol and its enhancement by mixing state in an urban atmosphere in South China, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 69, April 2013, Pages 118-123, ISSN 1352-2310, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.009.
Moosmüller, H., Arnott, W. P., Rogers, C. F., Bowen, J. L., Gillies, J. A., Pierson, W. R., ... & Norbeck, J. M. (2001). Time-resolved characterization of diesel particulate emissions. 2. Instruments for elemental and organic carbon measurements. Environmental science & technology, 35(10), 1935-1942.
Lewis, K., Arnott, W. P., Moosmüller, H., & Wold, C. E. (2008). Strong spectral variation of biomass smoke light absorption and single scattering albedo observed with a novel dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument. Journal of Geophysical research, 113(D16), D16203.
Lan, Z. J., Huang, X. F., Yu, K. Y., Sun, T. L., Zeng, L. W., & Hu, M. (2012). Light absorption of black carbon aerosol and its enhancement by mixing state in an urban atmosphere in South China. Atmospheric Environment.
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